Some countries have been taking steps to address the DF threats (e.g., India, China, Singapore, South Korea, USA, UK, Japan, EU). Most of the harm caused by malicious deepfakes relates to various violations and crimes and can be regulated by the legislation in countries, part of the potential harm is not covered by legal acts. financial fraud, theft, deception, and many more.manipulating evidence materials in criminal investigations.harm to childhood: child pornography and other prohibited sexual practices.violation of intellectual property rights.manipulation of election campaigns results.distortion and manipulating public opinion.Because of their rapid spread, deepfakes can be used for malicious and criminal aims, for example: It means that anyone can pay to encrypted chat groups on Telegram to order the creation of custom pornographic deepfakes, including sexualization of children.Īdvances in deepfake technology offer many opportunities for a variety of aims both with positive (in art, education, autonomy, medicine, film industry, e-commerce, etc.) or negative consequences. For instance, there are encrypted chat groups on Telegram that do business. The widespread dissemination of fake and unverified information through online platforms and with manipulation tools, including deepfakes, can be considered as leading to new types of information wars. They can pose threats both to an individual or a group of people, and create more serious threats in the information space, affecting national interests. The number of deepfake videos detected up to December 2020 amounts to 85,047 according to Sensity Company Report “The State of Deepfakes 2020: Updates on Statistics and Trends”.ĭeepfakes can carry serious risks, the range of which is quite wide. The policy proposal addresses some key challenges.Ĭombined with the reach and speed of the Internet, a huge number of news channels, social networks and various applications, the creation, distribution, and circulation of deepfakes can reach millions of people relatively quickly. ![]() in relation to malicious and harmful deepfakes 2) intensification of subject matter scientific research, systematization of knowledge and creation of appropriate terminology and 3) strengthening a dialogue and cooperation with key international organizations. PB’s proposal suggests some practical recommendations in three main directions: 1) elaboration of common approaches to development of soft law and regulatory policy instruments to cope with current challenges of deepfakes through launching a global initiative with participation of governments (public institutions), technology companies, digital platforms, and social media, among others. A priority concern is how to regulate issues related to deepfakes and digital content forgery technology as along with positive aspects, deepfakes can create risks and threats in the financial sphere, social communications, public relations and at the political level as well. Advances in software and modern digital tools have facilitated the rapid generation, commoditization and proliferation of deepfakes of all types and aims. Given the nature of Generative-Adversarial Networks (GAN) and other advanced technologies, deepfakes are hardly to be detected. Nowadays deepfakes tend to erase the divide between true and false content. ![]() This Policy Brief (PB) highlights and examines challenges and impacts of deep manipulated media and texts (known as “deepfakes”, hereinafter referred as DFs) on governments, society, business.
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